Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Can you remember what you ate yesterday? If asked, most people will be able to give a vague description of their main meals:breakfast, lunch, dinner. But can you be sure you’ve noted every snack bar in your car, or every handful of nuts at your desk? Most people will have a feeling that they’ve missed something out.
We originally had this suspicion back in 2016, puzzled by the fact that national statistics showed calorie consumption falling dramatically over past decades. We found reliable evidence that people were drastically under-reporting what they ate.
Now the Office for National Statistics has confirmed that we are consuming 50% more calories than our national statistics claim.
Why is this happening? We can point to at least three potential causes. One is the rise in obesity levels itself. Under-reporting rates are much higher for obese people, because they simply consume more food, and thus have more to remember.
Another cause is that the proportion of people who are trying to lose weight has been increasing over time. People who want to lose weight are more likely to under-report their eating—regardless of whether they are overweight or not. This may be driven partly by self-deception or “wishful thinking”.
The final potential cause is an increase in snacking and eating out over recent decades—both in terms of how often they happen and how much they contribute to our overall energy intake. Again, there is evidence that food consumed out of the home is one of the most poorly recorded categories in surveys.
So, what’s the message conveyed? For statistics, we should invest in more accurate measurement options. For policy, we need to focus on options that make it easy for people to eat fewer calories. If people do not know how much they are eating, it can be really hard for them to stick to a diet. Also, we should be looking for new ways to ensure what people eat wouldn’t have much impact on their waistlines. If this works, it won’t matter if they can’t remember what they ate yesterday.
你能记住你昨天吃了什么吗？如果被问到这个问题，大多数人能够对他们的主餐——早餐、午餐、晚餐，给出一个模糊的描述。但是你能确定你已经注意到你车里的每一条小吃，或者你桌上的每一把坚果吗？大多数人都会觉得他们漏掉了一些东西。
51 我们早在2016年时就对此有所怀疑，对（英国）国家统计数据显示卡路里的摄入量在过去的几十年中急剧下降的事实感到困惑。我们发现了可靠的证据表明人们严重少报告了他们吃了什么。
52 现在（英国）国家统计局已经证实，我们摄入的卡路里比我们的国家统计数据声称的多50%。 为什么会发生这种情况呢？我们可以指出至少三个潜在的原因。一是肥胖水平本身的提高。 53 胖人的少报率要高得多，因为他们就是会吃更多的食物，因此需要记住的也更多。
另一个原因是，随着时间的推移，努力减肥的人的比例一直在增加。想要减肥的人更有可能少报他们吃了什么——无论他们是否超重。导致这种情况的部分原因可能是自欺欺人或“痴心妄想”。
54 最后一个可能的原因是在近几十年来吃零食和外出就餐的增加——无论是从它们发生的频率来看，还是从它们对我们的整体能量摄入的贡献上来看。同样，有证据表明，在家里之外的地方所吃的食物是属于调查中人们报告得最差的一类。
那么，这传递的信息是什么呢？对于统计来说，我们应该投资更准确的测量选择。 55 就政策而言，我们需要关注那些让人们更容易摄入更少卡路里的选择。如果人们都不知道自己吃了多少东西，那么坚持吃一种减肥食谱对他们来说就真的太难了。此外，我们应该寻找确保人们吃的东西不会对他们的腰围产生太大影响的新方法。如果这个方法奏效，即使他们不记得昨天吃了什么也没关系。
- 单选题
- 分值:14.2
What did the author suspect back in 2016?
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Calorie consumption had fallen drastically over the decades.
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Most people surveyed were reluctant to reveal what they ate.
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The national statistics did not reflect the actual calorie consumption.
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Most people did not include snacks when reporting their calorie intake.
51. 早在2016年，作者就怀疑了什么？
A) 几十年来，卡路里的摄入量急剧下降。
B) 大多数接受调查的人不愿意透露他们吃了什么。
C)（英国）国家统计数据没有反映实际的卡路里摄入量。
D) 大多数人在报告他们的卡路里摄入量时没有把零食算在内。
- 单选题
- 分值:14.2
What has the Office for National Statistics verified?
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People’s calorie intake was far from accurately reported.
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The missing out of main meals leads to the habit of snacking.
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The nation’s obesity level has much to do with calorie intake.
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Calorie consumption is linked to the amount of snacks one eats.
52.（英国）国家统计局证实了什么？
A) 关于人们卡路里摄入量的报告离准确还差得远。
B) 由于省掉主餐而导致了吃零食的习惯。
C)（英国）国家的肥胖水平与卡路里摄入量有很大关系。
D) 卡路里的摄入量与一个人吃的零食的量有关。
- 单选题
- 分值:14.2
What do we learn about obese people from the passage?
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They usually keep their eating habits a secret.
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They overlook the potential causes of obesity.
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They cannot help eating more than they should.
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They have difficulty recalling what they have eaten.
53. 关于胖人，我们从这篇文章中了解到什么？
A) 他们通常对自己的饮食习惯保密。
B) 他们忽视了可能导致肥胖的原因。
C) 他们忍不住吃得比他们应该吃的多。
D) 他们很难回忆起他们吃过什么东西。
- 单选题
- 分值:14.2
What often goes unnoticed in surveys on food consumption?
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The growing trend of eating out.
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The potential causes of snacking.
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People’s home energy consumption.
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People’s changing diet over the years.
54. 在食品摄入量调查中经常被忽略的是什么？
A) 不断增长的外出就餐的趋势。
B) 吃零食的潜在原因。
C) 人们的家庭能源消耗。
D) 多年来人们不断变化的饮食。
- 单选题
- 分值:14.2
What does the author suggest policymakers do about obesity?
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Remind people to cut down on snacking.
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Make sure people eat non-fattening food.
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Ensure people don’t miss their main meals.
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See that people don’t stick to the same diet.
55. 关于肥胖，作者建议政策制定者做些什么？
A) 提醒人们少吃零食。
B) 确保人们吃不发胖的食物。
C) 确保人们不会错过他们的主餐。
D) 务必使人们不要一直吃相同的饮食。
