Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Social isolation poses more health risks than obesity or smoking 15 cigarettes a day, according to research published by Brigham Young University. The 26 is that loneliness is a huge, if silent, risk factor.
Loneliness affects physical health in two ways. First, it produces stress hormones that can lead to many health problems. Second, people who live alone are less likely to go to the doctor 27 , to exercise or to eat a healthy diet.
Public health experts in many countries are 28 how to address widespread loneliness in our society. Last year Britain even appointed a minister for loneliness. “Loneliness 29 almost every one of us at some point,” its minister for loneliness Baroness Barran said. “It can lead to very serious health 30 for individuals who become isolated and disconnected.”
Barran started a “Let’s Talk Loneliness” campaign that 31 difficult conversations across Britain. He is now supporting “ 32 benches,” which are public seating areas where people are encouraged to go and chat with one another. The minister is also 33 to stop public transportation from being cut in ways that leave people isolated.
More than one-fifth of adults in both the United States and Britain said in a 2018 34 that they often or always feel lonely. More than half of American adults are unmarried, and researchers have found that even among those who are married, 30% of relationships are 35 strained. A quarter of Americans now live alone, and as the song says, one is the loneliest number.
A)abruptly B)appointments C)consequences D)debating E)dimensions F)friendly G)hindered H)idiom I)implication J)pushing K)severely L)sparked M)splitting N)survey O)touches
杨百翰大学公布的一项研究显示,与社会隔绝比肥胖或每天吸15支烟带来的健康风险更大。这 26 意味着孤独是一个巨大的风险因素,尽管它是无声的。
孤独从两个方面影响身体健康。首先,它会产生应激激素,导致多种健康问题。其次,独居的人不太可能 27 预约去看医生,不太可能去锻炼,也不太可能吃健康的饮食。
许多国家的公共卫生专家正在 28 讨论如何解决我们社会中普遍存在的孤独感。去年,英国甚至任命了一位“孤独部长”。其“孤独部长”巴兰男爵夫人说:“在某个时候,孤独几乎会 29 触及我们每一个人。对于孤立、与人断绝联系的人来说,这会导致非常严重的健康 30 后果。”
巴兰发起了一场名为“让我们谈谈孤独吧”的活动,在英国各地 31 引发了艰难的对话。他现在支持“ 32 友好长椅”,这是一种公共座位区,鼓励人们去那里彼此聊天。孤独部长也在 33 努力阻止公共交通中断,以免人们被孤立。
在2018年的一项 34 调查中,美国和英国超过五分之一的成年人表示,他们经常或总是感到孤独。超过一半的美国成年人是未婚的,研究人员发现,即使在已婚人士中,也有30%的夫妻关系 35 严重紧张。四分之一的美国人现在独居,正如歌曲里唱的那样,“1”是最孤独的数字。
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