People spend a lot of time using phones and computers. Much of that time is devoted to text messages and social media. But many people choose to spend their time playing computer games. For years, parents and teachers have worried that these games might be addictive. 19 And now, the World Health Organization has recognized addiction to computer games as a disease. The organization explains that this decision reflects general agreement among experts around the world that some people have a problem with these games. They show a pattern of behavior characterized by a lot of control. 20 Such people make computer games a priority over their responsibilities. They may play games instead of attending school, or work, or socializing. According to the World Health Organization experts, people’s use of computer games is different from their use of the Internet, social media and online shopping. These experts claim there is not sufficient data to indicate that people’s reliance on those other activities isn’t addiction. But they argue that playing computer games to excess is different. This behavior can become a disorder.
To meet the new definition for addiction, the behavior must damage a person’s relationships, or performance at school or work, and this must last for at least a year. Still, not all behavior experts agree. 21 Some argue that there is not enough research on the subject. Thus, they claim it is too early to call computer game addiction a disorder.
人们花费很多时间使用手机和电脑，其中大部分时间都用于短信和社交媒体。但是很多人选择花时间玩电脑游戏。多年来，家长和老师一直担心这些游戏可能会让人上瘾。 19 现在，世界卫生组织已经认定电脑游戏上瘾是一种疾病。该组织解释说，这一决定反映了世界各地专家之间的普遍共识，即有些人在这些游戏上存在问题。他们表现出一种控制欲极强的行为模式。 20 这些人认为电脑游戏比他们的责任更重要。他们可能会玩游戏，而不是上学、工作或社交。根据世界卫生组织专家的说法，人们对电脑游戏的使用不同于对互联网、社交媒体和网上购物的使用。这些专家称，没有足够的数据表明人们对其他活动的依赖不是上瘾。但他们认为，过度玩电脑游戏不同于其他活动。这种行为可能会变成一种疾病。
上瘾的新定义需要满足的条件为：这种行为必须破坏一个人的人际关系或者在学校或工作中的表现，而且这种行为必须持续至少一年。不过，并不是所有的行为专家都认同这一点。 21 一些专家认为关于这个问题的研究还不充分。因此，他们声称现在就把电脑游戏上瘾称为一种疾病还为时过早。
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
- 单选题
- 分值:14.2
What conclusion has the World Health Organization come to recently?
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Social media addiction is a threat to our health.
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Too many people are addicted to smartphones.
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Addiction to computer games is a disease.
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Computer games can be rather addictive.
19. 世界卫生组织最近得出了什么结论？
A) 沉迷于社交媒体对我们的健康是一种威胁。
B) 太多人沉迷于智能手机。
C) 玩电脑游戏上瘾是一种疾病。
D) 电脑游戏很容易让人上瘾。
- 单选题
- 分值:14.2
What is said of people with addictive behavior?
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They prioritize their favored activity over what they should do.
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They do their favored activity whenever and wherever possible.
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They are unaware of the damage their behavior is doing to them.
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They are unable to get rid of their addiction without professional help.
20. 关于有上瘾行为的人，文章说了什么?
A) 他们优先考虑自己喜欢的活动而不是应该做的事情。
B) 无论何时何地，只要有可能，他们都会从事自己喜欢的活动。
C) 他们没有意识到自己的行为对自身造成的伤害。
D) 没有专业的帮助，他们无法摆脱上瘾问题。
- 单选题
- 分值:14.2
What do some behavior experts think of addition to computer games?
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It may be less damaging than previously believed.
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There will never be agreement on its harm to people.
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It may prove to be beneficial to developing creativity.
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There is not enough evidence to classify it as a disease.
21. 一些行为专家对电脑游戏上瘾有什么看法?
A) 它的破坏性可能比之前认为的要小。
B) 关于它对人类的危害，永远不会有一致意见。
C) 这可能被证明是有利于发展创造力的。
D) 没有足够的证据将其归类为一种疾病。
